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Time to First Byte (TTFB) is the total amount of time spent to receive the first byte of the response once it has been requested. It is the sum of "Redirect duration" + "Connection duration" + "Backend duration". This metric is one of the key indicators of web performance.
In the Waterfall Chart, it is calculated at the start of the test until just before receiving on the page request and represented by the orange line.
Some ways to improve the TTFB include: optimizing application code, implementing caching, fine-tuning your web server configuration, or upgrading server hardware.
Once any redirects have completed, Connection duration is measured. This is the time spent connecting to the server to make the request to the page.
Technically speaking, this duration is a combination of the blocked time, DNS time, connect time and sending time of the request (rather than just connect time). We've combined those components into a single Connection duration to simplify things (as most of these times are usually small).
In the Waterfall Chart, Connection duration consists of everything up to and including the "Sending" time in the final HTML page request (the first 200 OK response).
During this time, the browser screen is still blank! Various causes could contribute to this, including a slow/problematic connection between the test server and site or slow response times from the site.