IPv4 و IPv6 چیست و کاربرد آن چیست؟

[Ahmad-jh]

در کل یعنی Ipv4 رنج آی پی معمول و رایج جهانی هست و Ipv6 به دلیل کم اومدن آی پی های 4 بخشی اضافه شده.

The Advantages of IPv6
IPv6 was designed to overcome the limitations of IPv4. The main advantages that IPv6 has
over its predecessor are as follows:
Increased address space IPv6 provides sufficient addresses for every device that
needs to have a unique public IPv6 address. In addition, the 64-bit host portion
(interface ID) of an IPv6 address can be automatically generated from the network
adapter hardware.
Automatic Address Configuration Typically IPv4 is configured either manually or by
using DHCP. Automatic configuration (autoconfiguration) through APIPA is available
for isolated subnets that are not routed to other networks. IPv6 deals with the need
for simpler and more automatic address configuration by supporting both stateful and
stateless address configuration.
Network level security Communication over the Internet requires encryption to
protect data from being viewed or modified in transit. Internet Protocol Security
(IPSec) provides this facility and IPv6 makes IPSec mandatory.
Real-time data delivery Quality of Service (QoS) exists in IPv4, and bandwidth can be
guaranteed for real-time traffic over a network, but not when an IPv4 packet’s payload
is encrypted. Payload identification is included in the Flow Label field of the IPv6
header, so payload encryption does not affect QoS operation.
Routing table size On the IPv6 Internet, backbone routers have greatly reduced
routing
tables that use route aggregation, which permits a number of contiguous
address
blocks to be combined and summarized as a larger address block.
Header size and extension headers IPv4 and IPv6 headers are not compatible
and a host or router must use both IPv4 and IPv6 implementations to recognize and
process both header formats. Therefore, the IPv6 header was designed to be as small
as was practical. Nonessential and optional fields are moved to extension headers
placed after the IPv6 header.
Removal of broadcast traffic IPv4 relies on ARP broadcasts to resolve the MAC
addresses of the network adapters. The IPv6 Neighbor Discovery (ND) protocol uses
a series of ICMPv6 messages. ND replaces ARP broadcasts, ICMPv4 Router Discovery,
and ICMPv4 Redirect messages with efficient multicast and unicast ND messages.

حالا نمونه ی IPV4 که مثلا این هست: 165.212.148.12
حالا رنج IPV6 چطوریه؟ O8:O7:O6:O5:O4:O3:O2:O1 !؟!؟!؟ (هنگیدم)

Link-Local Addresses
Link-local IPv6 addresses are equivalent to IPv4 addresses allocated through APIPA. You can
identify a link-local address by an FP of 1111 1110 10, which is followed by 54 zeros (link-local
addresses always begin with fe8). Nodes use link-local addresses when communicating with
neighboring nodes on the same link. The scope of a link-local address is the local link. A linklocal
address is always automatically configured, even if no other unicast address is allocated.

رنج عددی چی؟ از 000 تا 255؟ یا فرقی داره؟

The IPv6 128-bit address is divided at 16-bit boundaries, and each 16-bit block is converted
to a 4-digit hexadecimal number. Colons are used as separators. This representation is called
colon-hexadecimal

به جای . از : استفاده میشه توشون؟ بعد مرورگر ها با چنین رنجی مشکل پیدا نمیکنند؟
کاربردشون چی؟ دقیقا یکی هست و فقط به دلیل مبود آی پی 4 وارد شده؟

در حال مطالعه هستم.